The Effects Of Pregnancy On Your House - 997 Words

By week 36 you may want to clean your house and make sure that it is spic and span, awaiting your little one. This phase of pregnancy is called the ‘nesting stage,’ which is nature’s way of making sure you have time to be with your baby after delivery with no household chores holding you back. While it is a natural tendency to want everything done, don’t go overboard. Remember that you are in your third trimester and need to take it easy. Changes happening to your body in week 36 Thanks to the nesting instincts in you, all the exhaustion of the third trimester gets replaced completely by a renewed sense of vigor. Here are the major physical changes happening to you in week 36: Getting into a comfortable sleeping position becomes harder by the day. With only two sides to switch between, you may find that your hips are aching from the pressure. Try cushy, comfortable pillows or a padded blanket around and underneath you. They will cushion your hips, relieve the ache and help you fall asleep faster. Most babies get into a head down position by now. When they do, you might discover that the bathroom becomes your home. Do not reduce your water intake in the hopes of making fewer bathroom trips. Try reducing the caffeine intake as coffee and tea are known to be diuretics. Walking might get difficult if your baby moves into a cephalic presentation or head down position. It feels like your baby will fall out if you move. It is just the pressure of your baby’s head against theShow MoreRelatedReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 PagesSources Insert your name here Kaplan University UNIT 4 PROJECT: Reflecting on Sources Complete all three parts of the worksheet below. Be sure to cite all sources in APA format, including using in-text citations and reference page citations in the spaces provided. The writing should be in Standard English and complete sentences. The sources noted in this worksheet should be related to your big idea, which is the basis of your final project in this course. Save this document to your computer, andRead MoreThe Bed Rest Hoax By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1641 Words   |  7 Pagesa treatment since the 19the century and its effects were seen in writing as early as 1892 in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the article The Bed-Rest Hoax by Alexandra Kleeman she goes to point out how bed rest is negatively affecting patients who are prescribed it because of inactivity. While Kleeman points out many flaws in why bed-rest should be put to rest many researchers still believe that bed-rest can have astounding effects on pregnant women. Although in Kleeman’ s articleRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On Children s Health Before And After Your Baby951 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore and after your baby is born. Many people don’t understand the importance of this, nor do they understand that not only does an unborn child get the smoke, but all the chemicals in a cigarette as well. Cigarettes contain more than 4,000 chemicals, like nicotine, cyanide, lead, carbon monoxide, and tar. Not to mention at least 60 cancer causing chemicals. 20-30% of low birth weight babies, 14% premature labors, and 10% of infant deaths are caused from smoking during pregnancy according to AmericanRead MoreThe Right Of The Fetus Life988 Words   |  4 Pagesfound to have a fatal kidney ailment and the Society of Music Lovers has canvassed all the available medical records and found that you alone have the right blood type to help. They kidnapped you and the violinist’s circulatory system was plugged into yours. You must stay in bed with him for a speci fic amount of time and then you will be free. If you decide to unplug the kidneys then the violinist will die.†(Page 438) The person was kidnapped and never asked for permission whether they should plug hisRead MoreLimitations Of Women s Rights1082 Words   |  5 PagesLimitations on Women’s Rights in the United States Pregnancy termination is a controversial and sensitive subject that has sparked many debates in the past five decades. It is a two-sided issue between life and death of the unborn child. Planned Parenthood (2017) reports that 30 percent of women in the United States terminate a pregnancy before reaching 45 years of age. Abortion has been legal in the United States since Roe V. Wade; a 1973 landmark decision held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Pregnancy Termination1215 Words   |  5 PagesPregnancy termination is a controversial and sensitive subject that has sparked many debates in the past five decades. It is a two-sided issue between life and death of the unborn child. Planned Parenthood (2017) reports that thirty percent of women in the United States terminate a pregnancy before reaching forty-five years of age. Abortion has been legal in the United States since Roe v. Wade, a 1973 landmark decision held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s right of personal privacy covered the woman’sRead MoreEssay about Overactive Bladder and Pregnancy 639 Words   |  3 PagesOveractive Bladder and Pregnancy During pregnancy, most women may experience overactive bladder or urinary incontinence. This can be mild or infrequent, while for others, it can be severe that can eventually affect their daily routine. This type of incontinence experienced during pregnancy is known as stress incontinence. It is the loss of urine due to increased pressure on the bladder, which makes the bladder sphincter unable to function properly when it comes to holding urine. Pregnancy hormones can alsoRead MoreThe Is An Immoral Act1640 Words   |  7 PagesThomson wote† A defense of abortiona† and Marquis wrote:†Why Abortion Is Immoral†..an importante issue is ‘Unwanted Pragnency† . In a family where everyone is working full time, another baby is not an option so the mother decides to terminate the pregnancy.. Is this choice morall or immoral.? Marquis argues that a fetus is considered a human from the moment of conservation. If the mother performs the abortion, then she i s killing a human and preventing his future from him In this case abortion isRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Causes Serious Physical And Emotional Problems1369 Words   |  6 Pages Teen pregnancy causes serious physical and emotional problems for adolescent mothers, therefore there should be steps taken to prevent such things from happening. I have a close friend who got pregnant at the age of fifteen. It was a mega crisis for her and her baby. It caused a heartbreaking feud between my friend and her parents, as well as her schooling, leading her to drop out of high school. The emotional stress she gained was harming her body. The baby’s father wanted nothing to do with theRead MoreThe Problem Of Being Born Addicted937 Words   |  4 Pagesis infants being born addicted to some type of drug whether it simple be cigarettes, or something harsher such as an addiction to prescription pills. Most expecting mothers are willing to give up foods and activities during the entirety of their pregnancy to help ensure that their baby will be born healthy without issues. Some, however, are not as willing to do so. Addictions are hard to break, and require an ample amount of time to treat so that you are no longer dependent on that substance. Some

California Dream Act Essay - 1663 Words

Reyna Macias English 103 7 November 2011 California Dream Act: Rewarding an Illegal Act Born and raised here in the U.S. many students, and parents for that matter, are currently struggling with the bills, loans, and the stress of trying to stabilize a healthy future for themselves by pursuing an education. When a law like the California Dream Act is passed, it makes those who have done nothing but follow the rules of our legal system, feel as if the right as a legal citizen is being pushed aside. The money to fund the education of these illegal immigrants has to come from somewhere, causing a bigger whole to burn in tax payer’s pocket; when the money can easily go elsewhere to legal students in dire need of it. The state of†¦show more content†¦By merit, American’s should not have to worry about whether there will be enough spaces available in colleges, none the less should they have to worry about those spaces been taken up by students who have come to this country illegally. It goes against the constitution of the United States to diminish the opportunities for American students, by granting schooling to an undocumented immigrant. Enrollment within colleges will soon rapidly expand, and seeing as there is already low funding within school budgets, the money will need to come from somewhere. This is where tax payers come in, along with higher tuitions for students. American students that are not aided with the cost of classes and living expenses are going to be drastically affected, perhaps even to the point of dropping out. Over the years tuition has â€Å"Risen 6.5 percent from the previous year. These figures do not include room and board costs, which can cost as high as $1,700 a month at some schools† (Salary.com). Tuition is getting difficult for students to pay every year especially with the economic crisis the state of California is currently in. Aside from just tuition increasing, there will still not be enough funds to provide the aid to the undocumented immigrants that plan to enroll in school. â€Å"Each illegal immigrant who attends a public institution will receive a tuition subsidy from ta xpayers of nearly $6,000 for each year he or sheShow MoreRelatedThe California DREAM Act of 2011 Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent in the state of California, hosting 2.6 million â€Å"alien residents†, it has the largest population of undocumented immigrants (Gonzales, 2006). Immigration policies have been controversial topics in the United States for a long time. Although there is still an ongoing debate about reforming the current immigration laws, there has been progress in making post-secondary education a possibility for undocumented students. This paper will focus on the California DREAM Act of 2011, using a historicalRead MoreThe DREAM Act Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, about 2.8 million students graduate from a United States high school. They have dreams of going to college or to the military to have an opportunity to make something of their lives. However, each year, there is also a group of about 65,000 students who will not have that chance to advance in their lives (CIR_DREAM paragraph 1). They are unable to do so because they were brought to the US illegally by their parents when they were children, and have the status of an illegal immigrant.Read MoreThe Education For Alien Minors Act2587 Words   |  11 PagesEducation for Alien Minors act, simply known as the DREAM Act. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act was first introduced by Representative Luis Gutierrez on April of 2001 as the â€Å"Immigrant Children’s Educational Advancement and Dropout Prevention Act of 2001.† The purpose of this act would have been to allow undocumented immigrant students to apply to become protected from being deported, following this; they would have been able to apply for residency. This act had criteria that individualsRead MoreBilingual Education And Multiculturalism2056 Words   |  9 Pageswere not able to receive education and who were denied the right to education would be drastically harmed throughout their lifetime which is why this case was passed. Many of these undocumented citizens came from Mexico, primarily from Texas and California. The two cases set the stage for immigration into the United States. Prior to these two cases, many people were turned away because they knew little to know English and were seen useless in t he United States. This goes against multiculturalism becauseRead MoreThe Is The Differed Action For Children Arrivals953 Words   |  4 PagesThe Deferred Action for Children Arrivals act helps temporarily remove a few problems that may impede undocumented people to live lives like people with citizenship. For example, it helps people work legally inside of the US. Along with that, people with DACA also get a Social Security number. In addition, it allows undocumented immigrants to get a license in every state except for Arizona and Nebraska. (nilc.org) The California Dream Act. The Dream act is to help provide financial aid for undocumentedRead MorePublic Policy Research Paper773 Words   |  4 Pagesunconstitutional and the policy was stuck down by the Supreme Court in 1982. In 1985, activist in the state of California attempted to push forward post-secondary education for undocumented adolescents so that they can receive financial assistance and pay in-state tuition and receive financial assistance from the states. The Leticia A. v. Board of Regents of the Universi ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ty of California passed which allowed undocumented adolescents to receive financial assistance at the federal level. HoweverRead MoreDeferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesforming the groups like United We Dream. The DREAM movement consisted of protesters advocating for their rights as immigrant students. These students called themselves DREAMers—which, stems from the DREAM Act (Development, Relie f, and Education for Alien Minors). The DREAM Act is a legislative bill that was first introduced in Congress in 2001. However, Congress was never able to pass this bill, despite multiple reforms made over the past decade. The DREAM Act s main goal was to protect the rightsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Coming Out Illegal By Maggie Jones893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dream Act is very important to many undocumented students because they are not able to go to college because they weren’t born in United States. The Dream Act allows them to go on to their professional careers. Dream Act stand for development, relief, education, alien, and minors that’s the purpose why they call it the Dream Act. First time that the Dream Act was introduced was in August 1, 2001 by Dick Durbin and Orrin Hutch in the senate. Since that moment they have been reintroduced severalRead MoreImmigration Laws and Its Impact on Undocumented Immigrant Students744 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Immigration laws† and its impact on undocumented college immigrant students The topic that will be introduced and discussed in this research paper is â€Å"Immigration Laws† and how it impacts undocumented college immigrant students living in California (2005-2010). This is a sensitive topic which often is neglected and not shown enough attention by government officials; meanwhile millions of people living within the U.S are being affected by it in their daily lives. This topic will consider itsRead MoreEssay on The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act1384 Words   |  6 Pagestheir education after completing the public education system. The Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) was created by a proposal to cease penalizing children of illegal immigrants who were brought over to the United States by their parents at an early age. The DREAM Act includes many requirements that are necessary to be considered an applicant. The DREAM Act must be implemented in order to provide hard-working individuals great er opportunities, due to the fact that undocumented

Safety in the Fire Service Free Essays

Fire accidents had caused many deaths and casualties among people and this do not choose to who will attack this life threatening catastrophe. It can turn a 1 million dollars worth property into an ash. From the name itself, fire accident can occur in almost every place whether it is in the school, office, market, or in a car, or ship. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety in the Fire Service or any similar topic only for you Order Now And what is more drastic is the possibility of more casualties that can affect more people. Some of the results of fire accidents include deaths, burn injury, casualties and destruction of ownership and properties. Though fire accidents can be associated to carelessness, still it can be prevented. That is why there are many studies that have been conducted to minimize the drastic effect of such fire problems. The main concern of these studies is the safety of the people as well their belongings. Also, part of the goal of fire science management is the protection of the environment (Barbour, 2007). Fire science management was created to lessen fire accidents and also to create a well management decisions among the members of the fire service industry. Despite of the creation of fire science management programs, there are still many fire incidences (Bird, 2007). This paper will try to examine key notes or fire management problems that causes fire accidents and try to relate them to fire science management. After connecting the two situations, a solution or solutions must come up so that it helps in the minimization of the said accidents. One of the main reasons why fire management problems occur is the miscommunication between the firefighters. Communication is very important especially when in times of fire catastrophe. This is because every decisions and moves are being transmitted through communication. It is very crucial when one firefighter dose not understands the instructions of their firefighter leader and this will only cause greater destruction. In fire science management, this is known as fire communication and command structures (DelPonte, 2004). In case were a fire accident broke, there are certain procedures that must be done in such a way that there is a standard operating procedure in every action. There are many cases when a firefighter does not execute the right procedures in extinguishing the fires or the instructions of the firefighter leader are not being complied. This can be blame on the unpreparedness or lack of experience. Because the standard operating procedures are not strictly done, casualties of fire will be more likely drastic if compared to a more standard way of attacking the blazing inferno (Ridge, 2004). Fire do not only attack people in an urban area where there is more likely to occur fire accidents, but also in forest where many animals and living things live (Noss, 1990). The very hot temperature (Gale , 1991) can ignite a small dried leaf and may cause disaster in a forest. Many environmentalists are very concerned on the probable distraction that can be brought by fire accidents (MacGregor1, 2007). It can also be analyzed that firefighting in a forest is more difficult than attacking fire in an urban area (Failing, 1991). This is because of the unavailability of roads for faster response to fire calamity. Solutions were proposed to this kind of situation and one of the probable answers to this dilemma was the use of Geographic information system (GIS). GIS will play a key role to determine whether a fire broke in a forest (Wagtendonk, 2007). In this way, a faster response can be given by the fire service industry to stop the further distraction. Though we cannot escape the disaster of fire accidents, it can be prevented by being more responsible on your belongings (Club, 2003). Be sure that fire will not break in your area especially in your house. Always check the connection of the wiring system of the house. Always secure a fire extinguisher in every part of the house and make sure that it is filled. But the most important part of fire prevention procedures by being responsible. Cigarette butts must be put properly in an ash tray. Remember that ignoring these little preventive actions may cause fire accidents. How to cite Safety in the Fire Service, Papers

Gauguin Essay Research Paper Gauguin was born free essay sample

Gauguin Essay, Research Paper Gauguin was born in Paris on June 7, 1848, into a broad middle-class household. After an adventuresome early life, including a four-year stay in Peru with his household and a stretch in the Gallic merchandiser Marine, he became a successful Parisian stockbroker, settling into a comfy businessperson being with his married woman and five kids. In 1874, after run intoing the creative person Camille Pissarro and sing the first Impressionist exhibition, he became a aggregator and recreational painter. He exhibited with the Impressionists in 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, and 1886. In 1883 he gave up his secure being to give himself to painting ; his married woman and kids, without equal subsistence, were forced to return to her household. From 1886 to 1891 Gauguin lived chiefly in rural Brittany ( except for a trip to Panama and Martinique from 1887 to 1888 ) , where he was the Centre of a little group of experimental painters known as the School of Pont-Aven. Under the influence of the painter? mile Bernard, Gauguin turned away from Impressionism and adopted a less realistic manner, which he called Synthetism. We will write a custom essay sample on Gauguin Essay Research Paper Gauguin was born or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He found his inspiration in the art of autochthonal peoples, in medieval stained glass, and in Nipponese prints ; he was introduced to Nipponese prints by Vincent new wave Gogh when they spent two months together in Arles, in the South of France, in 1888. Gauguin # 8217 ; s new manner was characterized by the usage of big level countries of non-naturalistic coloring material, as in The Yellow Christ ( 1889, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York State ) . In 1891, ruined and in debt, Gauguin sailed for the South Seas to get away European civilisation and # 8220 ; everything that is unreal and conventional # 8221 ; . Except for one visit to France from 1893 to 1895, he remained in the Tropics for the remainder of his life, foremost in Tahiti and subsequently in the Marquesas Islands. The indispensable features of his manner changed little in the South Seas ; he retained the qualities of expressive coloring material, denial of position, and midst, level signifiers. Under the influence of the tropical scene and civilization of Polynesia, nevertheless, Gauguin # 8217 ; s pictures became more powerful, while his subject-matter became more typical, the graduated table of his pictures larger, and his composings more simplified. His topics ranged from scenes of ordinary life, such as Tahitian Women, or On the Beach ( 1891, Mus? vitamin E vitamin D # 8217 ; Orsay, Paris ) , to dwelling scenes of superstitious apprehension, such as Spirit o f the Dead Watching ( 1892, Albright-Knox Art Gallery ) . His chef-doeuvre was the monumental fable Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Traveling? ( 1897, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ) , which he painted shortly before his failed self-destruction effort. A modest stipend from a Parisian art trader sustained him until his decease at Atuana Hiva-Oa, in the Marquesas Islands, on May 8, 1903. Gauguin # 8217 ; s bold experiments in colourising led straight to Fauvism. His strong mold influenced the Norse creative person Edvard Munch and the ulterior Expressionist school

Isolated Families

While researchers consider poverty to be a primary reason for isolation, all individuals who are unable to participate socially or integrate themselves into the social realm, or without the necessary tools of power could be at a risk for isolation (Hayes, Gray Edwards, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated Families – Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Members of some community could face isolation as a result of living in remote neighborhoods which enjoy fewer benefits as compared to those with sufficient resources for education and employment (Hayes et al., 2008). Vinson (2007) explicates that community members belonging to low income groups and living in localities with limited resources such as education, health and labor are at a higher risk for isolation. Novello et al. (2011) note the impact of families and couples living with a partner suffering from a mental health problems or dis tress. Hayes (2007) found that low levels of parental education, family problems, child abuse in families, failure of children in schools are important aspects which lead to social isolation in children. In his report, Vinson (2007) proposes government sponsored community projects and intervention plans to reduce social exclusion. He recommends implementation of these projects over longer periods of time rather than short doses. He asserts that there should be a greater focus on education, better job opportunities, job placements, enhanced resources for health and treatment, development and training of parenting skills and the development of local leadership. Social capital has been defined as the availability of networks and access to social connectedness within a community (Stone, 2001). Since my community has a good transportation system, communication system including telephone exchanges, mobile phone companies, schools, churches, recreational activity centers such as sports clu bs, Disney parks etc., I would rate it high on the social capital scale. The Internet provides new opportunities for social connection for people who are isolated. Access to the internet has been identified as an important economic barrier to social inclusion (Vinson, 2007). Childhood services could serve as informational centers and communication networking centers for parents (Grace Bowes, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Staff members of these centers could work towards the facilitation of communication between parents of children with special needs and professional child experts (Grace Bowes, 2010). Staff members of child service teams could provide parents with knowledge and information for enhanced interaction and communication with children (Grace Bowes, 2010). References Grace, R. Bowes, J. (2010). Barriers to Participation: The Experience of Disadvantaged Young Chil dren, their Families, and Professionals in Engaging with Early Childhood Services. Web. Hayes, A., Gray, M., Edwards, B. (2008). Social inclusion: Origins, concepts and key themes. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Novello, D. J., Stain, H. J., Lyle, D. Kelly, B. J. (2011). Psychological distress of rural parents: Family influence and the role of isolation. Journal of Rural Health, 19 (1), 27-31. Stone, W. (2001). Measuring social capital: Towards a theoretically informed measurement framework for researching social capital in family and community life (Research Paper No. 24). In Hayes, A., Gray, M., Edwards, B. (2008). Social inclusion: Origins, concepts and key themes. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Vinson, T. (2007). Dropping Off the Edge: The Distribution of Disadvantage in Australia. Canberra: Catholic Social Services Australia. Posting Response We are indeed fortunate to be living in a good community setting which facilitates social inclusion. Since we rank high on the social capital scale, we have better opportunities to interact, socialize and gain education. All of these factors increase the potential for better jobs, social networking and an overall better life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Isolated Families – Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since an advantageous neighborhood has been noted as an important factor in social capital (Vinson, 2007), we should focus on strategies which will help us improve neighborhoods of the less fortunate children. Childhood services could indeed play an important part in making neighborhoods more advantageous (Grace Bowes, 2010). The staff of these childhood services should be appropriately trained for educating parents about ways to communicate with children. Additionally, childhood services should serve as platforms for social interaction between parents, thereby reducing levels of social isolation between fami lies. By holding meetings and events which involve parents and children, childhood services could achieve the goal of social inclusion. In absolutely remote areas where parents and families have less access to transport and means of communication, childhood service centers could set up internet hubs to encourage social networking. Networking and communication will surely be easier with access to the internet. However, parents should be educated about the importance of extra curricular activities for children in aiding their overall growth and development. Since lack of community activities and hobbies have been noted as an important measure of social exclusion (Hayes, Gray Edwards, 2008), child services should take the responsibility of setting up events and programs which promote and encourage children and parents to participate in social activities. This essay on Isolated Families – Australia was written and submitted by user Iman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pochteca - Elite Long Distance Traders of Mesoamerica

Pochteca - Elite Long Distance Traders of Mesoamerica The Pochteca (pronounced pohsh-TAY-kah) were long-distance, professional Aztec merchants and traders who provided the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan and other major Aztec city-states with luxury and exotic items from faraway lands. The pochteca also worked as information agents for the Aztec empire, keeping tabs on their far-flung client states and uneasy neighbors such as Tlaxcallan. Long Distance Trade in Mesoamerica The Aztec pochteca were not the only merchants in Mesoamerica: there were many regional-based commercial actors who distributed fish, maize, chile and cotton; their activities provided the backbone of the economic society in the regions. The pochteca were a special guild of these merchants, based in the valley of Mexico, who traded in exotic goods throughout Mesoamerica and acted as a social and economic connection between the various regions. They interacted with the regional merchants, who in turn acted as middlemen for the pochtecas wider networks. Pochteca is sometimes used as a generic word for all Mesoamerican long-distance traders; but the word is a Nahua (Aztec) word, and we know much more about the Aztec pochteca because we have written recordsthe codexessupporting their history. Long distance trade began in Mesoamerica at least as long ago as the Formative period (2500-900 BC), in societies such as the Olmec; and the classic period Maya. Long distance traders in Maya communities were called ppolom; compared to the Aztec pochteca, the ppolom were loosely confederated and did not join guilds. Pochteca Social Organization The pochteca held a special status in Aztec society. They were not nobles, but their position was higher than any other non-noble person. They were organized into guilds and lived in their own neighborhoods in the capital cities. The guilds were restricted, highly controlled and hereditary. They kept their trade secrets about routes, exotic goods sources and connections across the region restricted to the guild membership. Only a few cities in the Aztec empire could claim to have a leader of a pochteca guild in residence. The pochteca had special ceremonies, laws and their own god, Yacatecuhtli (pronounced ya-ka-tay-coo-tli), who was the patron of commerce. Even if their position provided them with wealth and prestige, the Pochteca were not allowed to show it in public, in order not to offend the nobles. However, they could invest their wealth in the ceremonies for their patron god, organizing rich feasts and carrying out sophisticated rituals. Evidence of the effects of long distance trade by pochteca is found at Paquime (Casas Grandes) in Northern Mexico, where trade in exotic birds such as scarlet macaws  and quetzal birds, marine shell and polychrome pottery was based, and extended into societies of New Mexico and Arizona. Scholars such as Jacob van Etten have suggested the pochteca traders are responsible for the diversity of precolumbian maize, transporting seeds throughout the region. The Pochteca and the Aztec Empire The pochteca had the freedom to travel all over the empire even in lands not subjected to the Mexica emperor. That put them in a terrific position to work as spies or informants for the Aztec state. This also meant that political elites deeply mistrusted the pochteca, who wielded their economic prowess to establish and guard their trade routes and secrets. In order to obtain precious and exotic items such as jaguar pelts, jade, quetzal plumes, cocoa, and metals, pochteca had special permission to travel across foreign lands and were often escorted by armies along with servants and carriers. They were also trained as warriors since they often suffered attacks from the population who saw in the Pochteca another aspect of the yoke of the Aztec empire. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to the Aztec Civilization and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Berdan FF. 1980. Aztec Merchants and Markets: Local-Level Economic Activity in a Non-Industrial Empire. Mexicon 2(3):37-41. Drennan RD. 1984. Long-distance movement of goods in the Mesoamerican formative and classic. American Antiquity 49(1):27-43. Grimstead DN, Pailes MC, Dungan KA, Dettman DL, Tagà ¼eà ±a NM, and Clark AE. 2013. Identifying the origin of southwestern shell: a geochemical application to Mogollon Rim archaeomolluscs. American Antiquity 78(4):640-661. Malville NJ. 2001. Long distance transport of bulk goods in the pre-hispanic American southwest. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20(2):230-443. Oka R, and Kusimba CM. 2008. The Archaeology of Trading Systems, Part 1: Towards a New Trade Synthesis. Journal of Archaeological Research 16(4):339-395. Somerville AD, Nelson BA, and Knudson KJ. 2010. Isotopic investigation of pre-Hispanic macaw breeding in Northwest Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29(1):125-135. van Etten J. 2006. Molding maize: the shaping of a crop diversity landscape in the western highlands of Guatemala. Journal of Historical Geography 32(4):689-711. Whalen M. 2013. Wealth, Status, Ritual, and Marine Shell at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity 78(4):624-639. Whalen ME, and Minnis PE. 2003. The Local and the Distant in the Origin of Casas Grandes, Chichuahua, Mexico. American Antiquity 68(2):314-332. White NM, and Weinstein RA. 2008. The Mexican Connection and the Far West of the U.S. Southeast. American Antiquity 73(2):227-278. Updated by K. Kris Hirst

Analyze the debate over states' rights versus national supremacy from Research Paper

Analyze the debate over states' rights versus national supremacy from the founding of our nation up until today. how has this debate changed over time - Research Paper Example As noted, it is not all the states that regard the death penalty as legal. The federal government is permitted to enforce the death penalty for various crimes. Statistics indicate that between the years 1967 and 1997, only one execution was undertaken out of every 1,600 crimes involving murder. They also go on to indicate that, out of every 8,000 convictions, less than 120 are charged with the death sentence (Rogers, 2008). Federal crimes are used to enact the death penalty by the federal government. Federal crimes include; espionage, treason, drug trafficking, just to name but a few. Similarly to what happened in the states, the federal government did not enact the death penalty for ten years, 1967-1977. It was during a time when the Supreme Court was deliberating on the legality of the death penalty. In 1988, the death penalty was re-enacted and only 3 executions have been undertaken since then. Just like the governors have the authority to grant clemency in death penalty cases, so does the president. In spite of the uniformity in the federal death penalty, states differ in their enactment of the penalty. For example, the Supreme Court in Nebraska nullified the utilization of the electric chair as a means of execution in the year 2008. The New York Supreme Court also nullified the death penalty in the year 2004. Hence, these states in reality have no death penalty (Rogers,