Hepatitis C Essay -- essays research papers

Hepatitis C has been referred to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it usually progresses slowly over many years. Most people who are infected with hepatitis C are not aware of any noticeable symptoms for as long as one to two decades after they are infected. In fact, by the time symptoms appear, the virus has probably already begun to damage the liver. If the liver is injured and stops functioning, death will always be the outcome (Lieber). Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver transplants in the United States. Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver’s cells and tissues caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C virus is blood-borne, which means it is spread through blood and blood products (Grady). After the discovery of hepatitis A virus in 1973 and hepatitis B in 1963, any cases of acute or chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis without identifiable causes were placed into the category of non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis(Palmer108) . In 1989, a major breakthrough regarding this mysterious and intriguing disease occurred, the hepatitis C virus was identified. Now, most hepatitis C viruses are believed to be the viruses responsible for about 90 percent of all cases of NANB. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population, or 3.9 million Americans, have been infected with this chronic blood-borne virus. About 50,000 new cases of hepatitis C are estimated to occur in the United States each year. Without proper and effective treatment the death rate is expected to triple in the next fifteen years (Turkington 9). Seventy-five percent of those infected with the virus will develop chronic hepatitis and half of those people will develop cirrhosis of the liver Due to the fact that Hepatitis C is blood-borne there are many ways a person can contract HCV, and many types of people who are more prone to it than others. The most effective mode of transmission is when an infected persons blood gets into the bloodstream of another person. HCV can only enter the bloodstream by first getting through the protective covering skin, this is called percutaneous route. Common routes of infection include needle stick accidents among healthcare workers, shared needles that are used during body piercing, injecting illegal drugs, and tattooing (Turkington 19). Another common ... ...eek so many people ignore them and go back to their normal lives. Once most people become infected with acute hepatitis C and are untreated, patient will develop chronic hepatitis. In fact 85 percent of infected people develop chronic hepatitis C (Palmer 118). Chronic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, and liver cancer (Hoofnagle). If Chronic hepatitis does not reverse itself, and a liver transplant is not done the liver will shrink, the kidneys will fail, and the patient will lapse into a coma (Bushie). The main symptom for chronic hepatitis in jaundice. The result is the yellowish appearance of the skin and eyes and the urine will become a brownish color (Leiber). Many patients have complained of red itchy rash on their bodies and pain in their lung and abdominal areas (Bushie). The limbs often swell, and many experience brain fogs, where they forget what is happening around them. There are many symptoms that hepatitis C shares with other viruses, this is what makes it difficult to diagnose. After the diagnosis is made from the necessary blood tests, the doctor will perform a liver biopsy to determine the extent of inflammation and damage in the liver.

Wedding Toast - Best Man Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech – Best Man Hello my name’s Paul and I’m Martin’s best man, although I’m sure Martin will have a new name for me by the time I’ve finished this. When Martin asked me to be his best man I was initially thrilled at the prospect. Unfortunately it didn't take long for this feeling of well being to dissolve into utter apprehension as I remembered the last time I had to stand up in a room full of people†¦.. I was found guilty and fined $300. I went to a wedding two weeks ago that was held in a nudist colony. Apparently I was just half an inch away from being the best man there too. By the way, if anyone is running a book on the length of this speech could I put $5 on it lasting 12 minutes please? Martin Firstly I’d like to congratulate Martin on his speech. I'm particularly impressed with the fact that you all paid attention and followed his instructions not to laugh. I’m also impressed that Martin followed my instructions to dress smartly today, although I am a bit disappointed he decided to copy my outfit. I have known Martin for over 10 long long years now. When I first met him in college he was loud, aggressive, rude, abusive and swore a lot, but just look at the man he’s become now†¦..nothing has changed. Whilst at college we discovered a local nightclub called Winkers. I would regularly witness Martin’s unique, raw, undiscovered style of dancing in Winkers that left the women speechl... ...any more happy years of friendship. On behalf of all of us in this room I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Pete and Sue Foster for the wonderful hospitality they have shown today. Martin would also like to thank Pete and Sue, in advance, for how well they’re going to treat him in the future. I’d also like to thank the bridesmaids and ushers today for their invaluable contribution to the wedding, I’m sure you’ll all agree with me that they all look wonderful. So, finally (get a glass in your hand): Here's to love, laughter And happily ever after. As Martin and Anne start their new life Please stand and toast the new husband and wife Ladies and gentlemen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the Bride and Groom

Cloud computing and web 2.0 Essay

Cloud computing refers to technological computing that depend on sharing of computing resources as opposed to having organizational devices or local servers to take care of the applications in the organization. The word cloud is metaphoric to the internet. In a nutshell, the phrase cloud computing refers to computing based on the internet where dissimilar servers applications and storage are delivered to the computers and devices of the organization. How Organizations use Cloud Computing Today, businesses use cloud computing to access business information anywhere by use of compatible devices. Unlike storing information in the computer or having office servers, cloud computing enables data storage on the internet. Khan& Zaheer, (2012) asserts that the application works by availing the information from a central web based hub that enable anyone in possession of accurate credentials to access the information anywhere with internet connection. This allows mobile working which further reduces the cost of office space renting expenditures. Perhaps, most importantly, the technology is widely used in data back-up. This prevents loss of vital information in-case of system failure or any disaster. The cloud allows automatic update of the data while at work as well as creating copies of data off-site safe from any disaster. Cloud computing also allows data synchronization for all the devices connected to the cloud permitting constant update with real-time information. The orga nizations use the cloud to access all types of files, use the office information and further collaborate with staff members while working on a similar project in different locations which enable sharing of information.Businesses use cloud technology to plan for future growth of the business and Business owners always aim at reducing the cost of production and overall business costs without sacrificing their ability to compete and run business. For this reason, most businesses use the computing process to store functional programs which might include customer service tools, accounting services and remote desktop hosting. A recent study noticed that businesses that focus on cloud technology have higher competitive edge than their competitors who do not use the technology. They mentioned areas such as efficiency in customer service, digital information storage, marketing, quick information up-dates and proper employee management. Technology Required in Operating Cloud Computing The organization must poses business and financial, technological skill to effectively operate cloud computing. Innovations in return on investment making judgment on business metrics based on performance versus costs of subscribing the cloud. Secondly, the staff must have technical skill to build on the clouds. Knowledge based on internet applications such as java and NET, languages and open source tools are required. Architectural development and management skills also come forefront in the management of the cloud computing. This is essential for laying elaborate road map of IT services and speaking the language of the business. The organization must also marshal key stakeholders to agree on the timelines, goals and meet the project objectives. Furthermore, the company must invest in technological security measures to provide protection for confidential information. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing Cloud technology offers wide advantages to the users. The technology is cost effective and easy to update and maintain. Traditional desktops are financially ineffective and increase business costs. The company can, therefore, maximize on returns by lowering the costs. Secondly, it offers unlimited storage for data hence no worry of storage space. The technology has recovery and backup for stored data that eliminates loss of data in case of any damages. Lastly, cloud computing offers easy access to information by the users anywhere they are, and the cloud integrates software automatically. However, the drawbacks of using cloud computing technology are double. Firstly, implementation of cloud computing in the organization requires personnel training. Additionally, it demands the establishment of elaborate and effective troubleshooting system during and after the launching of the cloud. Organizations are further charged with challenges of addressing hesitant employees who are unfamiliar with the cloud computing technology. Secondly, security risks are major concerns of cloud technology (Khan& Zaheer, 2012). The owners of the businesses and decision makers majorly worry vulnerability of sensitive data in the cloud to the unauthorized users. Although the users are provided with passwords and usernames, the verification of these details remains a top challenge. These threaten the safety of information in the cloud as the internet hackers can access confidential information. Web 2.0 Web 2.0 refers to the term used to describe the second generation of the World Wide Web aimed at the ability of the users to share information and collaborate online. It mentions the transition derived from static HTLM web pages to advanced and dynamic web based on serving applications of the web users in an organized manner. How Organizations use Web 2.0 Today, according to Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003) businesses embrace web 2.0 technologies to build relationships with customers and to improve the employee welfare while reducing costs. Web 2.0 services such as YouTube slide share and twitter can add value to businesses. The technology is used to empower the organization’s employees through sharing of productive business innovative information which in turn leads to high sales, assists in strengthening the company brand, corporate identity and image. Furthermore, the organizations use the web 2.0 technologies to aid recruitment of employees and simultaneously improving their working environments and relationships. Research one by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2013) shows that businesses create pages in facebook and invite the users and customers to become fans of the page. In the page, all the fans will receive notifications on news feeds. With time, the page develops into many fans of the business that creates room for spreading awareness of the corporate identity and the brand of the business. Therefore, social pages such as facebook offer excellent advertising services at a lower cost as opposed to media advertisement which is very expensive. The social sites offers good program for the target audience and location. Additionally, the social sites offer grounds for receiving feedback from the customers as a process of the tracking system of the business. Using the fans’ feedback, businesses can adjust to the needs of the customers in product services and eventually grow. Also, YouTube offers online videos allowing the site users to watch countless times. People register in YouTube for free and once they have registered, they can download the videos and share via email, or post on blogs. Advertisements can be done through YouTube and people will have a chance to rate the products by commenting on the videos. Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 is user-centered that allows collaboration, interaction and sharing of information. Web 2.0 users enjoy the freedom of sharing thoughts, likes, philosophy’s views and dislikes. The technology assists in media marketing at a lower cost and use of optimum search engines for business development. Social networking increases the circles of friends who have the chance to post their comments and views regarding the business. Furthermore, it promotes online business for products and services and constant posting and update of information. Contrastingly, the technology has some drawbacks which include loading of information by many users who post their views. This creates confusion to the users and sometimes the content of information posted is unreliable. Additionally, the freedom of posting can create a chance for competitors to post negative comments about the business creating unfavorable business environment. Lastly, online hackers and forgeries can create crime by accessing confidential information (Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley, 2003). Technology required in Operating Web 2.0 Web 2.0 covers wide range of technologies. Widely used are blogs, podcasts, prediction markets, wikis, and information tagging and social networks. New technologies should be adopted to run these applications as the world continues to evolve. The companies must understand the potential of the staff in the management of the project using technological means. Finally, the business must innovate in technological measures that can allow the company to offer optimum security measures. The use of web 2.0 often attracts criminals who can derail the business. Therefore, technology in security comes on forefront in the management of the web 2.0 technology. References Khan, Zaheer, Ludlow, David, McClatchey, Richard, & Anjum, Ashiq. (2012). An architecture for integrated intelligence in urban management using cloud computing. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.KI Voigt, & M Ernst. (2011). Use of Web 2.0 applications in product development: an empirical study of the potential for knowledge creation and exchange in research and development. (International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology; Vol 2, No 9 (2010).) MultiCraft Limited. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (January 01, 2013). Ensuring the Global Participation in the Internet Economy for Development.Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003). The Role of Information Systems and Technology in Case Management: a case study in health and welfare insurance. (Australasian Journal of Information Systems; Vol 10, No 2 (2003).) Australasian Association for Information Systems. Source document

Reflection on Cognitive Development Essay

This reflective essay speaks about Educational Psychology, a good teacher, general principles of development, the brain and cognitive development, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective. Educational Psychology plays a very important role in our daily lives as it helps us to understand and develop strategies to improve the learning process. An effective teacher is one who is organized, not biased, patient, and flexible and knows how to teach medium and slow paced learners. The essay also speaks about Development; persons develop physically, socially and also personally. It also speaks about the different ways in which development takes place. The brain begins to lateralize soon after birth and therefore have specific functions to carry out. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development speaks about the four stages while Lev Vygotsky educates us on his sociocultural perspective. Educational Psychology is important to me as a teacher in training as it helps me to understand my students’ behaviour and the strategies that I can use to help them. Life is a process and therefore we go through changes from conception to death. This process is called development. We develop physically, socially, and also cognitively .The changes that occur early in our lives, are generally assumed to be for the better and to result in behaviour that is more adaptive, more organized, more effective and more complex (Mussen, Kogner, Kagan, 1984).I also learnt that development takes place at different rates and that is persons may be more coordinated than others and also be more mature in their thinking. Secondly, development takes place orderly as we learn to babble before we talk and the final one is that development takes place gradually, that is you know the letters of the alphabet before you can spell words. Finally, the one that stands out to me most is maturation. Maturation deals with the natural changes that take place in our bodies. The changes in the climate don’t affect the natural changes that will take place in our body only severe sickness or malnutrition. The brain is also important in cognitive development as each part is given a specific function to carry out. However, the different parts of the brain combine in order to perform human activities and construct  understanding. There are some terms that are associated with the brain and the first is synapses, as the word suggests they are tiny spaces between neurons and that chemical messages are sent across the gaps. Hippocampus really took me by surprise as the first syllable â€Å"hippo† is the name of an animal. However it means recalling new information and recent experiences. Myelination is also very new to me and it means influencing thinking and hearing. The basic tendencies in thinking help us to organize our thoughts and behaviours into coherent systems. Our thinking process and knowledge is now developed through adaptation and this is adjusting ourselves to the environment. Assimilation, accommodation also takes place. Sometimes it seems as if I am searching for some balance in my thinking and this is known as equilibration. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is not foreign to me as I did in Introduction to Psychology. I know that there are four stages and each stage has a different age group. The fist stage is the sensorimotor stage and children at this stage are usually zero to two years of age. The most significant things that occur at this stage are: the children develop object permanence, perform goal directed activities, use there senses and also uses imitation. The pre-operational stage is age two to seven years. Children are able to use symbolic function for example taking a broom and riding it saying that it is a donkey. There motor skills are being developed and therefore they would want to feed themselves. In the concrete operational stage children are able to think logically, can engage in a conversation and reversibility, classification and seriation takes place. The final stage is the formal operational stage and they are able to reason well and they also develop adult egocentrism and that is the heightened self consciousness that is reflected in adolescents and the belief that others are interested in their thoughts as they do. It also speaks about them having a sense of uniqueness and wants to be noticed by others. However some students will develop reckless behaviour including suicidal thoughts and drug abuse. In my opinion Vygotsky’s theory is much better than Piaget’s. He placed more  emphasis on the development of language than Piaget. He also states that language is the most important symbol in the development of language. As a child I use to talk to myself and now I know that it is private speech. I really believe that private speech guides an individual into making the right decisions and also into problem solving. The most important part of his theory is the zone of proximal development. My understanding of it is that at a particular stage in one’s life given guidance and support will help me as an individual to master something. Children first learn pronounciation and they shy away from those words that are hard to pronounce. For example my three year old son says ‘begetable’ instead of vegetable. I also believe that adults should use language in the child’s learning experience and don’t use high flown words because the child should be able to relate to what is being said. Vocabulary, grammar and syntax are developed at around age five. However parents can buy books, read to their children, take them on a nature walks and also answer their questions so as to develop their language.

The Primary Framework for Literacy and Mathematics Essay

The Primary Framework for Literacy and Mathematics - Essay Example These variations are built upon evaluation and research carried out since the late 1990s. The changes include: 1. Extending it to the beginning of funded education, to create greater coherence and continuity within and between stages of care and education 2. Creating a clearer set of learning objectives to support teachers and practitioners in planning for progression in literacy and mathematics, to help raise the attainment of all children, personalise learning and secure intervention for those children who need it 3. Bringing an increased sense of drive and momentum to literacy and mathematics through the primary phase, involving some scaling up of expectations and a greater focus upon planning for progression through a teaching sequence over an extended unit of work covering two or three weeks 4. Supporting schools and settings in implementing the recommendations of the Rose report through the provision of high-quality teaching of phonics and early reading 5. Supporting improved l eadership and management of literacy and mathematics to stimulate and improve standards further 6. Reducing workload and foster professional dialogue on how to use the Framework flexibly to meet the needs of the children. 7. Introducing a new, electronic format which allows for customised planning, teaching and assessment, with the ability to link quickly to a wide range of teaching and learning resources available through the Primary National Strategy. (DfES, 2006) The Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics differs from the 1998 Framework in that it involves an electronic version with simplified learning objectives. The electronic Framework provides a resource that will be added to and expanded, as well as providing additional materials and support and as the Framework project develops. This may include any necessary revisions to the Early Years elements, and the simplified learning objectives that give a broader overview of the literacy curriculum in the primary phase. The learning objectives of the framework are aligned to 12 strands that demonstrate progression in each of the strands. The 12 strands also create a direct link to the Early Learning Goals and aspects of English inside the National Curriculum. If the learning objectives are covered, this will enable the pupils to reach the desired Communication, Language and Literacy goals, and ensure that the appropriate National Curriculum levels are accomplished for the Key Stages. The strands of this framework include Speak and listening for a wide range of purposes in different contexts, Reading and writing for a range of purposes on paper and on screen Word recognition, Understanding and interpreting texts, creating and shaping texts, organisation and structuring of text, Engaging and responding to text, Sentence structure and punctuation, Word Structure, spelling and Presentation. (DfES, 2006) This framework also involves the Literacy Hour within which Pupils have daily literacy lessons where th ey are taught the knowledge, skills and understanding set out in the National Curriculum for English. The guidance in the renewed Framework still places emphasis on properly directed, carefully planned, purposeful learning and teaching. Initially, the context of the literacy framework required adequate attention to be given to how the lessons are organised and structured. The real challenge

Argumentative Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Argumentative - Research Paper Example dy is to describe the impact of societal issues that may affect children and their up brining; there are many researchers who wrote a lot regarding the impact of social set up on children. The use of drugs in teenagers have been rising in todays civilization, and the majority of drug users start to take drugs in their preteen or teenage time as in that moment in time, the young people have to face a tough time to discover themselves. One of the most significant aspects that cause teenagers to use drugs is because of their family. As everybody knows, parents are the foremost teachers for their children, so the families educations are very important. The parents act as an active teacher and model of such patterns. Unfortunately, a number of parents sometimes use some drugs such as cigarettes and alcohol, which are very popular substances, when their children are at front of them. When their kids saw their parents to use those kinds of substances, they might think that it does not matter to use cigarettes and alcohol because their parents also use them. Therefore, they would imitate their parents and try them. In the same manner, the parents pressure and family problem also can cause a teenager to use drugs. Sometimes, the parents give their children too much stress such as getting high marks in school, and think that their children are the perfect, so when the children cannot receive those stress any more, they would like to escape from it. In todays high school the availability and variety of drugs is very widespread. Since drugs are easy to get, the people naturally interest in them may build up quickly. You ought to hear that a person to say his experience reaction on drug usage, such as, "hey, this made me so cool, and I was a stoned and big man". Therefore, his response about using drugs may increase your curiosity about using drugs. The teenagers use drugs not only caused by their families, but social factors also are the most important elements to influent

Using Research in Practice Discussion Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Using in Practice Discussion - Research Paper Example This makes for a short visitor list, and it becomes even short if the family is not really involved or expresses little interest in the patient. As such, as a nurse, it is our role to provide compassionate care for all of our patients. It is also important to play particular attention to patients that might not have anyone close to them, even if that patient is not cognizant of their surroundings, or even aware of where they are at. They could still benefit from the soothing words and hand holding that a nurse is welcome to provide, even if immediate family have not yet arrived at the hospital, or for whatever reason are simply unable or unwilling to visit. The compassion theory of nursing is certainly not new. Numerous scholars have analyzed the manner and extent to which nurses can actually aid in the healing process of their patients simply by the actions that they undertake in the routine operations of the profession (Georges, 2013). Not a great deal of research has been published, however, specifically targeting the nurses role in this area when it comes to the intensive care unit and the patients that are healing there. Such a study would be useful in determine how, and to what extent, the gentle touch and healing words that a nurse provides goes towards the speed at which a patient eventually heals from their injuries. The implications of this, naturally, would be immense. Nurses do view themselves as being the helping profession. That much is given. What many nurses might lose sight of, however, is just how important they are to a patients emotional healing, in addition to the physical aspects of their job. When a patient is no n-responsive in the intensive care unit, for example, nurses might not think much about the importance of their touch or words said to the patient. They may simply perform their job related tasks and then move onto the next patient. A research project