Indoor Tanning Versus Outdoor Tanning Essay Example for Free

Indoor Tanning Versus Outdoor Tanning Essay Tanning in itself can mean several things, one being an activity which utilizes animal skins by making it to useful things, which improves the lifestyle of human beings. Tanning can also mean an activity in which one takes in leisure time to tan his or her body or rather it seems to look like an activity that is physical exercise in nature, as we are going to discuss later in our discussion. Some may even tan to make their skin darker and attractive. This means that, tanning has so many dimensions and those doing it may have different goals of their own to get from it. Everybody likes to vacate the usual daily tiring duties and longs for whether he or she can seek time to relax his or her body and mind for other beneficial activities. There are so many activities that one can take to relax and benefit but depending on what makes one comfortable and at the last minute what they gain and get satisfied. Some people would choose watching movies, playing physical games or video games and other leisure activities. Tanning in itself involves keeping your body skin under sun rays while applying devices to gain something. It can be done in two ways; indoor and outdoor. Under indoor one remains within ones protective premises and uses the indoor devices available for tanning. Sometimes indoor tanning is not advisable as it is risky and can lead to negative effects as will be outlined below. This does not mean outdoor is the best. However it has very many advantages. Outdoor involves going out for example touring other countries or even going to leisure places such as beaches and utilize the tanning facilities available for a proper achievement of ones tanning goal. To start with, indoor tanning creates a big risk to those who do it since it has an ability of causing melanoma the most serious skin cancer in the world. This is most prone when one uses indoor tanning devices in the wrong way. Take for example; a person who uses an indoor tanning bed, raises their probability of developing melanoma to above 74 percent. Though the use of the bed as a device bears the highest chances, it is worth noting that it does not mean the others are the best. Note that the higher the number of frequency of use, the higher the probability of inheriting the cancer. The cancer mainly does not have a target group and all the groups of people either children or adults-young and old face equal dangers. The number of cases of this has been on the increase in the United Kingdom and the drug sector is even discouraging the practice of tanning indoors. Though there have been various methods of indoor tanning like the use of UVB and the use of UVA, research shows that neither method is safe (Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention). More so, it is important for members of the family to gain enough information on how to carry out indoor tanning because, though devices used carry risks, a recent research shows that there are better ways to use them and that can reduce the risks (American Training Institute). Take for example; the use indoor tanning lotions, which provides clients with more beneficial results and therefore improves indoor tanning. The research verifies this (American Training Institute). However it is worth to note that, the results are the best if the lotion is used in a combination of a professional tanning device. But it does not mean that indoor tanning carries the entire side of negatives. In comparison with the outdoor tanning, indoor has a privilege in that, it provides control and one feels comfortable and this creates experience. This is because of the absence of protocols and regulations to govern somebody compared to outdoor. However, some governmental organizations in some countries are trying to introduce control measures on this. Outdoor is what majority of the world population rely on. Many of them visit the beach for tanning. A normal exposure to the sun during outdoor tanning will never give any good results. It is therefore advisable to try and learn the dos and the don’ts of outdoor tanning. Outdoor utilizes different devices from the indoor ones. Some people may happen to buy products to use during their outdoor tanning and at sometime after their tanning they harm them or even cause harmful reaction over their bodies. The difference may be caused by the change in environment for instance the sun rays or even allergic reactions. This adds to the fact that protective measures should be taken into consideration for one to get excellent results after outdoor tanning. When basking on the sun one needs to consume a lot of water to avoid dehydration of the skin, since during this time a lot of it is being lost in the atmosphere unlike in indoor where there are not sun rays. Dryness of the skin results to a rough and a cracked skin, which might be a problem and unwanted to everyone who visits the beach for tanning. It is evident that, under indoor one realizes that it is possible to tan any time. Outdoor has a limitation in that at times, it is not good to bask in the sun during some hours like between 11. 00 a. m. and 2. 00 pm (Angela para. 3). This is when the sun is burning to its maximum. Otherwise one will need to take a lot of water and wear a better sun lotion. It is also good to avoid drinks which might be alcoholic as this will only lead to speeding up the dehydration process. In conclusion, any of them can be better for anybody and its better for one to consider the repercussions and the benefits of whatever choice. Indoor tanning exposes one to very dangerous effects and a lot of knowledge is required before one runs to it. Changing from one to the other is what seems to bring the very best results as limiting oneself to any of them is harmful. In most cases the indoor tanning should be done very carefully. Knowledge of what to do and not is portrayed as the key factor to get the best results. Neither of them is better than the other since, whether indoor or outdoor, the outcome will be the same (Indoor tanning versus outdoor tanning). It is is important to be aware that outdoor sometimes is not reliable since one can get sunburns instead of what he or she wanted. Indoor wins an advantage here since there is the control of the sun rays. It is also important to have the knowledge of your skin, in order to be able to choose the better of the two.

Learning In The Educational And Health And Social Care Sector Education Essay

Learning In The Educational And Health And Social Care Sector Education Essay Learning is a life long process. It helps to acquire the knowledge to a person or a group of persons by using different theories and methods with the help of a lecturer or by self. This assignment shows the different theories, styles, , factors affecting in learning , methods barriers of learning in the educational and health and social care sector. DOMAINS OF LEARNING Cognitive Psychomotor Affective COGNITIVE DOMINE This domain is mainly based on the knowledge. It have three practical and instructional levels such as , factor, understanding, and the application. The  fact  level consist of identity and list. The understanding level consist of three, they are describe, compare and contrast together. The typical verb contains explain, apply and analyse. This domain will deliver as lectures , presentations etc. and the evaluation will be objective and subjective.   PSYCHOMOTAR DOMINES Psychomotor domain is based on the skills of the individual. The three practical instructional level is imitation practice and habit. In the first level of this domain contains the delivary of the subject, second level will be the observation by the instructor, and the third level the learner will build the experirience. AFFECTIVE DOMINE Affective domain is based up on the behavioural aspects and may be labelled as beliefs. The three levels in the affective domain are  awareness, distinction,  and  integration.  The verbs for this domain are generally limited to words like  display, exhibit,  and  accept  and these apply at all the levels. The first two levels of the domains really cognitive;  integration  is behavioural and requires the learner to evaluate and synthesize. The content of this domain will usually involve discussions. The testing in the first two levels will be cognitive, whereas the third level will required an affective checklist. LEARNING STYLE Activist Activist will Jumps in at the deep end enthusiastic looks for new experiences likes to be centre of attention. Always likes to do new experiments. They are open minded and flexible. They always enjoys the new situations, they likes challenges. Pragmatist. Pragmatists are not happy with listening to theories and ideas. People with a pragmatist learning style like facts to fantasy. In the educational settings, they enjoy writing and reading nonfiction or doing writing activities such as outlines, research papers, making lists, filling in charts and labelling the scientific diagrams Rflector These people are very care full in every jobs, openions, thinking, etc. They will follow a methodological approach .The reflective learning style is a learning style which consists of absorbing, rather than acting on, new information. A reflective learner need time to think through an idea and its ramifications, while an active learner prefers to jump in and test theories immediately. Theorist Theorists are the vertical thinkers. They are rational and objective. The will follow always in a disciplined approach. They want to ask questions or they like questioning. The negative of theorist is they are lateral thinkers, they will in tolerate anything, like subjective or intuitive. THEORIE OF LEARNING Behavioural theory Cognitive theory Gestalt Theory Humanistic Theory BEHAVIORAL THEORY. These are the theories which includes the leadership which do not seek inborn traits or capabilities. A behavioural theorist always looks look at what the leaders actually  doing. BEHAVIORIST Principles of Behaviourist are they will do small and concrete and progressively sequenced tasks. They will think about the positive and negative reinforcement. They are very consistent in using the reinforcement during the teaching and learning process. If they learned once then the intermittent reinforcement will promote retention. COGNITIVE THEORY The cognitive theory is mainly based on the mind and the functions based on the brain. It include thinking , knowing, memorising, and communicating, and the connection between them, and how they are working together. In this theory, the mind will work . In this theory experience is the main shaping factor of the personality. It sees the mind as a set-out frame waiting to be filled, rather than one shaped by experience. The cognitive theory is the only one to clearly state that a persons behaviour is certainly shaped by surroundings, not only internal drives. What the one would do surrounded by peers is completely different from what the same person would do in a strange their setting. GESTALT THEORY Gestalt means that when the parts identified individually have different characteristics to the whole (Gestalt= organised whole) e.g. describing a tree its parts are trunk, branches, leaves, perhaps blossoms or the fruit. But when you looks at an entire tree, you are not conscious of the parts, you are aware of the overall object only the tree. Parts are of secondary importance even though they can be clearly seen. HUMANASTIC THEORY The focus of the humanistic theory is based on the emotional feelings of the human beings. In this theory the learner are free to choose their own behaviour, rather than reacting to environmental stimuli and reinforces. Issues dealing with self-esteem, self-fulfilment, and needs are . The major focus of this theory is to facilitate personal development. LEARNING THEORY AND LEARNING STYLE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE FIELD. HUMANISTIC THERAPY IN PSYCHOLOGY The humanistic approach in the health care field is mainly used in the psychatrist treatments like counselling. Because this theory is based on the emotional feelings of the human beings. According to this theory, the human beings have an intimate tendency to develop some potentials. But, some times this potentials will destroy our life and living conditions. Some times our lovable people will act as a stranger. Because they are not aware about the inner feelings, which are taking place in the persons mind. The aim of a councillor or a psychotherapist is that to provide an environment, in which the client will not feel the insecurity. This will help the client to enable more security and self esteem about themselves. The psychotherapist or the councellor will will understand the clients problem through the communication with him. The positive point of this therapy is it gives more important for the humanistic values and approaches. This attitudes helps the client to build a relationship with the client and the therapist. FACTORS INFLUENCING LEARNING Motivation Motivation helps the learner to learn more . The teacher should have the capacity to motivate their students. Environment The environmental factors affects in the learning. The suitable environment gives more concentration for the learning. Communication The communication between the student and the teacher will help to reduce the distance between them.The communication the medium of the communication should be well understand by the speaker/ the lecturer and the listener/the learner. Some of the important communicative medias are audio visual,newspapers,internets etc. Time available. The management of the time is very important in the learning. The lecture should know how to complete the needs of learner with in the time limit Culture In every culture there are different type of cultural learning style. Many of the countries are developing and undeveloped once. When these countries learning styles are compared to the developed countries the educational level will be in high standard. So the teaching styles and methods are varies from one culture to another. It may be difficult to understand the nonverbal messages because different cultures have the different expectations about eye contact, physical touch, body gestures, etc. Preparation The lecture should have an idea about each learner, what they are, their learning and under standing capacity, which learning style is suitable for the each learner. Lecture should can arrange each learners documents in a folder including their learning needs. Learning Goals The lecture should have the capacity to clear up the learners doubts. Teach them about the procedures in the ward. Legal barriers Check all the legal documents of the learner in which includes the educational level, if the worker is from out side country check the passport, visa, CRB, language level etc. BARRIERS TO LEARNING. Barriers of learning are the factors which are affecting in the learning of the individual. It may be physical factors, neurological factors, and mental factors. Language Mental stress and tension. Attention Visual aids Informations. Dyslexia Dyspraxia Language. In the learning process the language is an important factor . Language helps the learners to understand the learning subject. A learning process will complete when all the learniners are listening the lecture. For a proper process of learning attention is very important. So before taking to lecture the lecture should make sure that the employees are ready to listen the classes. This will make to progress in their thinking from where they are. Visual Aids The visual aids helps in learning by change of focus. They help to create attention. If the class has to focus on the lecturer all the time, the pressure on the lecture to perform is acute. When the lecturer switch the OHP or slide projector attention of the learners will be pointing to the screen and away from the face of the lecturer. Learning by visual method will help to concentrate more than in the audio classes. Mental Stress and Tension The mental stress and tension will affects the learning process. The causes of the tension may be due to the family problems and the personal problems. Dyslexia The term Dyslexia  is a broad term which is using to define a  learning disability  that impairs a persons ability to read,  and which can manifest itself as a difficulty with  phonological awareness,  phonological decoding,  orthographic coding,  auditory short-term memory, and /or  rapid naming.  Dyslexia is a separate and distinct from the reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a non-neurological deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate  reading instructions.  It is believed that dyslexia can affect between 5 to 10 percent of a given population although there has been no studies to indicate an accurate percentage. Dyspraxia. The condition dyspraxia, it   is a motor learning difficulty that can affect planning of the movements and the co-ordination as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body.  It may be diagnosed as the complete or partial absence of other motor or sensory impairments. PROFESSIONAL SKILL IN LEARNING These are the skills of the lecturer and the student in the field of learning. These professional skills helps the lecturer to know about the students and their problems. In health and social care sector all the procedures are take place under some particular knowledge and theories. Professional skills are the ability of students to learn and at the same time it is the ability of teachers to teach the students. In health sector, the carer or a nurse should have the capacity to understand their clients problem. Thee clients they may be not active in their communication, but the worker should understand their problems through the observational method . This is one of the method of professional skills. In the hospital sector the nurse will understand the problems of the patient by seeing the physical appearance and the activities they are doing. In psychological sector, the councillor or the psychiatrist will communicate with them through a long discussions. Through this discussion he c an understand the problems of the patient. LEARNING STATERGIES. Learning strategies are the methods which are using by the students to complete the learning task. Many of the teaching management and teachers are using these learning strategies to improve the learning and teaching skills. The lectures use different types of strategies like visual aids, audio methods, demonstrations, group discussions etc.. Learning strategies, however, they are the tools that learner themselves can employ independently to complete a language task. For an instance, a learner who needs to learn a list of vocabulary words might draw a picture to remember each word. The commonly used learning strategies are given bellow, Less Strategies Lecture Demonstrations Discussions Seminar Tutorial Shared strategies Practical Simulation and games Role play Recourse based learning Films / TV programs Visits Student strategies Distance learning /flexi study Discovery projects/research Real life experience. PRESENT TEACHING STATERGIES IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SECTOR. The present learning or instructional strategies helps to achieve learning goals. It includes the pre instructional activities, learner activities, testing, and follow-through determine the approach for achieving the  learning goals. The strategies are based on the interest of the students and teachers. Because the teacher determines which type of learning strategy is applicable in each student learning . The present health and social care system helps the learners to improve their learning styles by the help of learning strategies. The learning strategies are commonly using in the social and health sector is as follows, Discussions   there are many methods using in discussion strategies. The are the discussions, demonstrations, lectures etc. For example, when the lecturer will discussing the learning topic to the students, then the lecturer will understand the learning difficulties of the student. Through this they can make improvement in the difficulties. Reading comprehension Strategy, the reading comprehension strategy helps to understand the aspect about the material. It helps to determine the vocabulary, writing structure etc. This will makes understand , that, what is the reason for reading. This helps for the teacher to understand about the learner regarding reading skills , interest, motivation, and experience . Semantic Mapping Strategy,This strategy helps to understand or it is using as a technique to motivativate the students and make them to involve in the full learning process. This will include, Selection of topic, diaplaying the target topic. And finaly the students will make some points regarding the topic, the lecturer should divide the student as some groups according to their intellectual abilities. And they will discuss about the topic. Integrating Technology, N In these days the educational sector realised that the application of modern technologies will give more values in the learning. Integrating the technology into a course curriculum when the appropriate is proving to be valuable for the enhancing and the extending the learning experience for the faculty and for the students or the learners . Many faculty have found electronic mail to be a useful way to promote student/student or faculty/student communication between class meetings and to inform about the working programs. Others are using list serves or on-line notes to extend the topic discussions and explore critical issues with students and colleagues, or discipline- specific software to increase student understanding of difficult concepts. Cooperative Learning . This is a method in which a groupe of people a re working together or learning together for to achieve a same goal. The term Collaborative Learning is commonly used as a synonym for cooperative learning when, in fact, it stands as a separate strategy that encompasses a broader range of group interactions such as developing learning communities, and stimulating worker/faculty discussions, and encouraging electronic exchanges. In this the full involvement of faculty and the management involves in the learning process. CONCLUSSION The proper training and the teaching of the students with the all suitable learning theories and the learning styles helps the student and the teacher to acquire the knowledge.

Impact of Tourism on the Hula

Impact of Tourism on the Hula Introduction: The performances of Hula represent traditions, histories customs of Hawaiian Culture. The nature of tourism industry impacts on the art of Hula as the performance is represented. The representation of Hula is modified and reduced to meet tourists expectations.ÂÂ   When most tourists think about Hula, the first impression in their mind is the head moving Hula dancer doll which is placed on the dashboard of American cars. Hula is being performed knowing the knowledge and the interest level of the tourists about the Hawaiian culture. Traditional hula was performed by men and women together, however, now only female dancers perform on stage wearing coconut bras and grass skirts, therefore, the Tourist Art is a useful term to describe the representation of Hula at tourist venues in the Asia-Pacific region. (Brush, 2005) Hula is ancient Polynesian dance which is performed by chants bodily gestures. This dance form was developed by Polynesians who settled in the Hawaiian Islands. Hula has become the symbol of Hawaii and the culture of Hawaiian people. The hula is performed by both men and women but as per the claim of Hawaiians, it was only performed by the men. The Hula only represents the dance form of Hawaiians, all other Polynesian cultures have their own dance forms. For example, The Samoans dance form is called the sasa or lapalapa, the Maoris dance form is called haka, the Tongans dance form is called lakalaka and the Tahitians dance form is called aparima. There are many types of hula in the Hawaiian culture but two main types hulas Hula Auana and Hula Kahiko are more famous than the others. Hula Kahiko is an ancient form of hula which was performed by the Hawaiians wearing traditional costumes and signing ancient chants before western came to Hawaii. Hula Auana was developed with the involve ment of westerns in 19th 20th century. This art form was performed with the westerns outfits and musical instruments like guitar and drums. In the 19th century, with the influence of Christianity hula started disappearing and became a forgotten art. The hula was changed and recreated drastically in the beginning of 20th century and became a commodity performed for tourists, such as the Kodak Hula Show. The traditional hula was preserved by only a few practitioners in the community. (Lakainapali, 2004) The tourism industry developed in the mid of 19th century with the advancement in the aviation industry. And with the same new class of people called Tourist was born with the desire to explore the world and different culture. The hula was transformed into Tourist Art when it became a paid performance to entertain the tourists. The Royal Hawaiian hotel changed the performance of Hula to increase tourists interest into how and who can perform the Hula in front of the tourists. The normal tourist was looking to visit Hawaii in search of Island Life and how Authentic people live with nature and live their life. The tourists were visiting Hawaii to see the life before modernization. So the performances were recreated in order to increase interest level of the tourists which alienated locals and the local Hawaiian people started thinking that these performances are only designed for the tourists only and it created a negative impression. To the Hawaiian people the image of hula girl is de meaning. Tourists believe that the hula girl and represented hulas are Authentic Hawaiian. However, These performances are nothing but the adopted version of the original hula. Another reason for the hula modification was to manage and complete the hula representation on time and within the tourists time schedule. The tourists are visiting Hawaii for the limited period of time where they expect to know about Hawaiian life and culture as much as possible. As their time is divided among different activities they are going to do on the island, they have very limited time for the hula performance. The traditional hula was unnecessarily sexualized and made sensual, the movement of hips and legs in dance steps are seen as sexual by the visitors. As per the writer Molly Brush, till 1950s the hula was transformed totally into tourist commodity. In 1920s the hula was performed in the theaters in solos, this performance was performed by mainly local Hawaiian people in Hawaiian language and dances were allowed to have their original look which made hula authentic. However, in 1950s the hula was shifted to outdoor stage and was performed by a large number of dancers. They also added the Tahitian fire dance into the performance to increase the element of interest and entertainment. The hand movement and gestures were changed and by the time it was no longer preference of individuals, all the dancers had to move hips and hand gestures at the same time. Once the hotel started charging the tourist for the for the hula performance, it became the most profitable tourist attraction. The tourist from 1920s was not looking for entertainment; they were in search to know the culture. The tourists wanted to see every dance to perform hula as per their own creative ways and ideas.ÂÂ   However, now it was converted to solely entertainment. (Brush, 2005) On October 12, 1963, the theme park was opened in Oahu Hawaii with name of the Polynesian Cultural Center. The PPC was established by Mormon Church in forty acres of land with theater, gift shops, restaurants and the seven Polynesian villages representing the culture of different Polynesian islands such as Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti, Tonga and Aotearoa. Each village was build with the different replicas of different islands demonstrating the crafts, daily customs and arts. The PCC claimed itself living museum and preserves and demonstrates and art and culture of Polynesia. (Purpose And History Of Polynesian Cultural Center) The center started charging tourists forty dollars and promised tourist to show the islands as they hoped the way it would be. However, these activities were performed by the Mormon Church College students who are pretending be real Polynesians and doing traditional activities in authentic native dresses. The PCC was started getting criticism from historians and anthropologists for earning revenue in the name of preserving culture and authenticity. As per the writer T. D. Webb, tourist art is the art which is recreated for the tourists and the purpose of this art to provide entertainment, souvenirs, and mementos to the tourists. The intention of producing a Tourist art to gain economic benefits and to increase business based on cultural tourism. The PCC and The Royal Hawaiian Hotel has produced this tourist art to create audiences which are the tourists and to earn revenue out of it. The article of Molly Brush was in brief about how hula was modified from 1920s to 1950s and how the changed tourists requirements changed the form of hula. The idea and definition given by T.D. Webb seem more comparable to the term tourist art.ÂÂ   (Webb, 1994) The authenticity means which is original, real and genuine. However, everyone has a different argument when it comes to authenticity in the tourism. It is very difficult to create cultural tourism which is suitable to all tourists needs. Authenticity is divided between two forms, product, and experience. The authenticity of the product can be easily measured such as crafts, carvings, and paintings which a tourist can buy in a physical form. And the other form of authenticity is experience, which is very crucial, this authenticity can be in form of plays, dances, and culture that tourist can see and feel. In the 19th century, when tourists interest increased in Hawaiian culture, the Royal Hawaiian Hotel started performances of hula as a commodity as a staged authenticity. Staged authenticity is when host organization recreates the form of a culture which is representing local culture, values, and lifestyle of the local people. Culture, values and traditions are valuable to local peopl e which are being ignored and beings less important against that tourist wants to see and would like to pay for. (Taylor, 2001) Conclusion: The commoditization of hula is the result of religious changes, modernizations and colonialism. And the Royal Hawaiian Hotel took the opportunity and changed hula performance into commodity. The most tourists visiting Hawaii are interested in Hawaii Culture and would like to know the authentic culture of Hawaiian people. The regular tourist and Hawaiian people, who are leaving in Hawaii from many years, are disappointed that the hula is being forgotten art and they are unable to see authenticity. Many native Hawaiian believes that its very important for tourists to respect Hawaiian culture and for the same the tourists should experience the real native Hawaiian culture. Tourism plays very important role in recreating the way tourists will know the new culture and different people. Its a responsibility of people who are involved in tourism business to present correct way of cultural tourism. They might claim that tourism has increased visitors in Hawaii and its beneficial for the econ omy of Hawaii, however these businesses had only created jobs in Hawaii as Waiters and Maids. The performance of hula can be impressive even without sexualized costumes.

An Analytical Essay on Excessive Pride in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Excessive Pride in Things Fall Apart In Chinua Achebe's novel Things Fall Apart, a well-known aphorism, "pride goes before a fall", was used. I agreed with and supported this statement. The story line itself backed up this statement as well. Through Okonkwo's hard work he became a "great man" with a sense of pride and haughtiness, who then suffered a loss of pride, which ultimately led to his down fall and his own suicide. This book went along with the commonly stated cliché. In addition to that, there was a widely known joke that went well with this. "One day there was an airplane pilot flying Bill Clinton, Bill Gates, Bill (a kid), and Billy Gram. Something went wrong with the plane, so it had to be abandoned. The airplane pilot strapped on a parachute and said to them, "there is only four parachutes but I am taking one." Bill Clinton grabbed the second one and said, "I am the most important man and my country needs me so I am taking one too." Then, Bill Gates grabbed the third one and said, "I am the smartest man in the world and my people need me." So, Bill (a kid) was just looking... at the fourth parachute and Billy Gram said to him, "I am an old man and you are young, you have your whole life ahead of you, take the last parachute." Finally, Bill (a kid) looked up at him and said, "I was not thinking about that, it's just that the smartest man in the world took my backpack." As you saw from the book and the joke, both Okonkwo, and Bill Gates were full of prejudice pride. They thought they were "great men", and saw others as inferior to them and incapable of living substantially if they were not the backbone. Okonkwo's pride grew immensely when he was an eighteen-year-old boy growing up in Umuofia. His father, Unoka was a lazy and imprudent man so Okonkwo sought to be everything his father was not. He threw Amalinze the Cat, who was a wily craftsman, and great wrestler that was unbeaten for seven years from Umuofia to Mbaino. That victory made Okonkwo known past the nine villages.

The Real Sucker Essay -- essays research papers

The Real Sucker Geoff Karanasos CARSON McCULLERS December 12, 1996   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many Different experiences in a child's life help form the personality and attitude he or she will adopt later in life. One such example of this is a fictional character named Sucker. This young boy really admired his cousin Pete, whom he lived with. Sucker was just an innocent child who would believe anything Pete said. The more Sucker admired Pete, the more Pete resented Sucker. This went on until Pete met a girl. Pete was so happy that he didn't mind Sucker's admiration toward him. Sucker became a bright enthusiastic child who loved being around Pete. He was so happy that he didn't want anything to change. After Pete got dumped, he turned all of his frustrations toward Sucker. Sucker then...

Philippine culture Essay

Academic Scientific Psychology or Akademiko-siyentipikal na Sikolohiya: Western Tradition: This follows the tradition of Wilhelm Wundt in 1876 and is essentially the American-oriented Western psychology being studied in the Philippines. Academic Philosophic Psychology or Akademiko-pilosopiya na Sikolohiya: Western Tradition: This was started by priest-professors at the University of Santo Tomas. This tradition is mainly focused on what is called ‘Rational psychology’. Ethnic Psychology or Taal na Sikolohiya: This is the tradition on which Philippine psychology is primarily based. This refers to the indigenous concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological orientation and methodologies. Psycho-medical Religious Psychology or Sikolohiyang Siko-medikal: The tradition that fuses native healing techniques and explains it in an indigenous religious context. By Noeco C. Marquino,BS. Psychology UNO-R. Core value or Kapwa Kapwa, meaning ‘togetherness’, is the core construct of Filipino Psychology. Kapwa refers to community; not doing things alone. Kapwa has two categories, Ibang Tao (other people) and Hindi Ibang Tao (not other people). Ibang Tao (â€Å"outsider†) There are five domains in this construct: Pakikitungo: civility Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing Pakikilahok: act of joining Pakikibagay: conformity Pakikisama: being united with the group. Hindi Ibang Tao (â€Å"one-of-us†) There are three domains in this construct: Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trust Pakikisangkot: act of joining others Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others Pivotal interpersonal value Pakiramdam: Shared inner perceptions. Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others’ emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with other people. Linking socio-personal value Kagandahang-Loob: Shared humanity. This refers to being able to help other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity. Accommodative surface values Hiya: Loosely translated as ‘shame’ by most Western psychologists, Hiya is actually ‘sense of propriety’. Utang na Loob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return favors-—whether these were asked for or not—-when it is needed or wanted. Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and 1973). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority. Confrontative surface values Bahala Na: This attitude, loosely translated into English as ‘fatalistic passiveness’, actually describes the Filipino way of life, in which, he is determined to do his best, hence the term bahala na, which actually came from the phrase bathalan na, meaning ‘I will do all my best, let God take care of the rest’. Lakas ng Loob: This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties. Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy. Societal values Karangalan: Loosely translated to dignity, this actually refers to what other people see in a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth. Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people judge a person of his/her worth. Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person judges his own worth. Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this actually refers to equity in giving rewards to a person. Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity). Approaches and methods Approaches, or lapit, and methods, or pamamaraan, in Filipino Psychology are different from that of Western Psychology. In Filipino Psychology, the subjects, or participants, called kalahok, are considered as equal in status to the researcher. The participants are included in the research as a group, and not as individuals – hence, an umpukan, or natural cluster, is required to serve as the participants, per se. The researcher is introduced to a natural cluster by a tulay (bridge), who is a part of the umpukan and is a well-respected man in the community. Some of the many approaches and methods used in Filipino Psychology are: Pakikipagkuwentuhan: In this method, the researcher engages in a story-telling with an umpukan. The researcher merely serves as the facilitator, while the kalahok or participants are the one who are to talk. The term kwento, from the Spanish word cuento, literally means ‘to tell a story’. Panunuluyan: In this method, the researcher stays in the home of his kalahok or participant while he conducts the research with consent by the host family, whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan. The term tuloy, which is the root word of the term panunuluyan, literally means ‘to go in’. Pagdadalaw-dalaw: In this method, the researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay, as opposed to staying in the house. The term dalaw literally means ‘visit’. Pagtatanung-tanong: In this method, the researcher undergoes a kind of questioning session with his kalahok or participants. In this method, however, ‘lead questions’ (those questions which directly refer to the topic being studied) are not supposed to be asked, instead the questions to be asked are supposed to have been derived from the kalahok’s answers themselves. The word tanong literally means ‘question’. Pakikiramdam: In this approach, the researcher uses entirely his/her own feelings or emotions to justify if his participants or kalahok are ready to be part of his research or not. The term damdam literally means ‘inner perception of emotions’. Pakapa-kapa: In this approach, the researcher uses ‘groping’, or a mixture of feelings as well as circumstances, to justify his intrusion into the life of his/her participants or kalahok. The term kapa literally means ‘to grope in the dark’. Psychopathology. Filipino psychopathology, or sikopatolohiya in Filipino, from Spanish psicopatologia, is the study of abnormal psychology in the Filipino context. Several ‘mental’ disorders have been identified that can be found only in the Philippines or in other nations with which Filipinos share racial connections. Examples of such are: Amok: Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called ‘Austronesian Mood Disorder’, in which a person suddenly loses control of himself and goes into a killing frenzy, after which he/she hallucinates and falls into a trance. After he/she wakes up, he has absolutely no memory of the event. Bangungot: A relatively common occurrence in which a person suddenly loses control of his respiration and digestion, and falls into a coma and ultimately to death. The person is believed to dream of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of his death. This syndrome has been repeatedly linked to Thailand’s Brugada syndrome and to the ingestion of rice. However, no such medical ties have been proven. Filipino psychopathology also refers to the different manifestations of mental disorders in Filipino people. One example of such is the manifestation of depression and schizophrenia in Filipinos, which are for the most part, less violent. Psycho-medicine See also: Philippine Mythology Filipino psychomedicine, or sikomedikal na sikolohiya in Filipino, is the application of basic psychology to native healing practices loosely considered as ‘medicine’. These practices are closely tied to the faith healers, as well as to the native pagan priestesses like the babaylan or katalonan, who were suppressed by the Spaniards during their colonization of the Philippines. Examples of such practices include: Hilot: The use of massage to aid a pregnant mother in the delivery of her child. Kulam: Hex or bewitchment. Lihi: An intense craving for something or someone during pregnancy. Faith healers or manghihilot testify that if the craving is not satisfied, abnormality of the child may result. Pasma: A concept that explains how init (heat) and lamig (cold) together can result in illness, especially rheumatism. Susto: Soul-flight. Derived from Latin American traditions. Pagtatawas: A method of diagnosing illness wherein alum (called tawas) is ritualistically used by the albularyo or medicine man for diagnosis of a variety of health conditions. The tawas is used to ‘cross’ (sign of the cross) the forehead and other suspicious or ailing parts of the body as prayers are being whispered (bulong or oracion). It is then placed on glowing embers, removed when it starts to crack, then transferred to a small receptacle of water. As it cools, its softened form spreads on the water surface and assumes a shape that may suggest the cause of the illness, often one of several indigenous forces: dwarfs, devils or other evil spirits (na-nuno, na-kulam, na-demonyo). The water in the vehicle is then used to anoint the ailing part or parts of the body to counteract the evil forces or illness. The tawas is then discarded and thrown westward, preferably into the setting sun. Usog: A concept that explains how a baby who has been greeted by a stranger acquires a mysterious illness. Apparently derived from the Spanish tradition of Mal de Ojo. Gaba or gabaa: The Cebuano concept of negative Karma. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Filipino_psychology History of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, or the â€Å"Psychology of, about, and for the Filipinos†. Psychology as an academic discipline in the Philippines started in the early 1900s when the U. S. colonized the country. Scientifically, it was generally viewed as a continuation of the development of psychology in the West. In the early 1970s, however, there came a turning point in the lives of Filipinos. It was a period marked by a high degree of nationalism, brought about by the declaration of the Martial Law. It was ironic that the father of Philippine Psychology was, at that time, a recent Ph. D. graduate of Northwestern University in the U. S. More on this topic. Filipino Values – Indigenous Concepts in Filipino Psychology Cultural, Societal Traditions Remain Integral Part of Philippines Skin Whitening and Dark Beauty in the Philippines It was precisely his Western education that made Sikolohiyang Pilipino founder Virgilio Enriquez realize the need to have a psychology based on the experience, ideas, and orientation of the Filipinos. Together with three other colleagues—Prospero Covar (anthropologist), and Zeus Salazar (historian), and Alfredo Lagmay (psychologist)—they helped establish the foundation for a psychology of and for the Filipinos. Enriquez had been a professor of Psychology in the University of the Philippines in Diliman in 1963, but left in 1966 for the U. S. to pursue a Ph. D. in Social Psychology. From there, he watched the disenchantment of young student activists in the Philippines over the deteriorating political and social conditions of the country. When Enriquez returned to the Philippines in 1971, he embarked on a research study with Lagmay into the historical and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology, which included identifying indigenous concepts and approaches. Four years later, he chaired the first national conference on Filipino Psychology. In this conference, the ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. Sikolohiyang Pilipino in the University of the Philippines When Enriquez returned from the States, he and a few other colleagues translated foreign articles to Filipino. The students were also strongly encouraged to write their papers in this language instead of in English, which had been (and still is) the medium of instruction in the University. Gradually, more and more members of the faculty were convinced to use the Filipino language in teaching Introductory Psychology. The main problems they encountered in the use of Filipino in teaching psychology, especially in its initial years, included the lack of materials written in Filipino and the lack of a technical vocabulary. These challenges were solved by translations, compilations of local materials, and choosing the appropriate words from the local dialect. There were times when the technical term was retained when there was no equivalent in Filipino. This did not work out because Enriquez realized that the translation failed to express a truly Filipino psychology. Other factors were the difficulty of expressing or explaining some Western concepts and theories in Filipino, the negative reactions of students who sometimes felt that their skill in speaking and writing in Filipino was inadequate, and the students’ lack of fluency in the language. However, there were observable benefits as well brought about by the use of Filipino in teaching psychology. Among other things: It created better rapport between teacher and students There was a more relaxed atmosphere in the classroom The students’ confidence grew in expressing their opinions, thoughts, and actual experiences. A different perspective, which was more Filipino, was introduced into the course Indigenous concepts were discovered; and The scope of topics discussed became broader with the addition of information from local materials and experiences. Class discussions also became more concrete in relation to Philippine reality. Psychology became related intimately and significantly to the everyday life of the people. Most importantly, with the birth of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, a psychology with a Filipino orientation was developed. The Status of Sikolohiyang Pilipino Now. Sikolohiyang Pilipino continues to thrive, despite the death of Enriquez in the early 90s. Its proponents continue to advocate for a psychology that is truly responsive and reflective to the needs and the unique situation of the Filipino people. http://www. stumbleupon. com/su/2DjFxC/www. suite101. com/content/sikolohiyang-pilipino–the-history-of-philippine-psychology-a316940/ Filipino Psychology or Sikolohiyang Pilipino has basic concepts based on indigenous Filipino values, including hiya, bahala na, and utang na loob. According to founder Virgilio Enriquez,Sikolohiyang Pilipino or Filipino. Psychology is psychology in the Philippines, for and about the Filipinos. It has a number of concepts uniquely based on Filipino values. Filipino Values in Focus One of the major focus of Sikolohiyang Pilipino are the values and concepts interpreted by foreign social scientists. Bahala na had been compared to the American â€Å"fatalism. † In Thomas Andres’s Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, it is defined as â€Å"the attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems leaving everything to God†¦this is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from personal responsibility. † For Filipino psychologists, however, bahala na is not â€Å"fatalism† but determination and risk-taking. Filipinos do not leave their fate to God when they say bahala na; rather they are telling themselves that they are ready to face the difficult situation before them and will do their best to achieve their objectives. It is a way of pumping courage into their system before a difficult task. Ads by Google Expat & Local Counselling International team of therapists for kids, teens, adults, & couples www. thecounsellingplace. com Meditation – Free MP3s Above the clouds, The sun is always shining. www. ramatalks. com Hiya and Other Misinterpreted Filipino Values Hiya is another concept indigenous to the Filipinos, and it is literally translated as â€Å"shame. † This interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not consider the other meanings of the word in different circumstances and form. Armando Bonifacio said that nakakahiya (embarrassing) is different from napahiya (placed in an awkward position) and ikinahihiya (be embarrassed with someone). Zeus Salazar also said that there are internal and external aspects of hiya. Foreign scholars have captured only the external aspect. The more appropriate translation of hiya is not â€Å"shame,† but â€Å"sense of propriety. † More on this topic Sikolohiyang Pilipino – The History of Philippine Psychology Food in the Philippines Reflects Different Cultural Influences Cultural, Societal Traditions Remain Integral Part of Philippines For Western psychologist Charles Kaut, utang na loob is â€Å"debt of gratitude. † This definition identified the utang (debt) only, ignoring the other concepts related to loob such as sama ng loob, kusang loob, and lakas ng loob. Utang na loob became convenient in perpetuating the colonial status of the Filipino mind. For Enriquez, reciprocity maintains the image of colonizer as benefactor. When utang na loob is looked at in the Filipino context, it becomes not â€Å"debt of gratitude† but â€Å"gratitude / human solidarity. † It is not a big a burden as â€Å"debt† is because in the Filipino culture of interpersonal relations, there is always the opportunity to return a favor. It is not obligatory in the immediate future; it could be fulfilled in the next generation. It binds a person to his/her home community. Pakikisama is another Filipino value that has been misinterpreted by foreign psychologists. For Frank Lynch (1961), it is maintaining â€Å"smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the majority; conformity. † For Enriquez, though, it is just one of the eight identifiable levels and modes of interaction in the Philippine society, which range from civility to oneness with. It approximately means conformity but it is not slavish conformity. This becomes evident only when one also looks at the different levels of interaction, which shows that all those starting with paki is oriented to â€Å"others. † The term pakikisama was therefore taken out of context. Sikolohiyang Pilipino in Social Research. The whole range of interaction can be summarized by the term pakikipagkapwa (an orientation/commitment toward one’s fellowman) better than pakikisama. Kapwa (unity of self and others/shared identity) embraces both categories of outsider and insider. Enriquez gave the following scale of relationship between researcher and participant: Ibang Tao Category (Outsider) Pakikitungo (civility with) Pakikisalamuha (interaction with) Pakikilahok (participation with) Pakikibagay (in accord with/level of conforming) Pakikisama (being along with/level of adjusting) Hindi Ibang Tao Category (One-of-Us). Pakikipagpalagayang-loob (being in rapport/understanding/level of mutual trust) Pakikisangkot (level of active involvement) Pakikiisa (being one with/level of oneness and full trust) Indigenous research methods identified in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as appropriate in Philippine culture are pagmamasid (general looking around), pakikiramdam (feeling through or sensing), pagtatanung-tanong (asking questions), pagsubok (testing the situation), pagdalaw-dalaw (occasional visits), pakikilahok (participation), pakikisangkot (deeper involvement), pakapa-kapa (groping), and pakikialam (concerned interference). The field of psychology in the Philippines is growing. With the increasing number of Filipino psychologists realizing the need to indigenize the field, as well as the number of research studies being done using Sikolohiyang Pilipino methods, it can only prosper in the future. Reference: Enriquez, V. (Ed. ). (1990). Indigenous psychology: A book of readings. Quezon City: Akademya ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino.

Introduction of Tourism Essay

God’s earth in all its fullness and beauty is for the people, Thomas Cook Yes god’s earth is very charming and beautiful ones. Travel from the ancient time has held a fascination for mankind . The urge to explore new places and seek a change of environment is not new. In all the epics whether it is â€Å"The Ramayana’’ or â€Å"The Mahabharata† or â€Å"The Bible† every where travel has been mentioned. nly reasons were different. Somewhere travel was to escape from one to another because of cruel king and somewhere it was because of parent’s order or a condition in gambling . But there is no doubt that rapid development in the means of transport and communication has made the whole world practically one neighborhood and has made travel an easy affair. â€Å"Tourism is fourth Extension of Modern Economics† Frayad According to a study Conducted by the Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates (WEFA group ) on behalf of the American Express Travel Related service company â€Å"Travel and Tourism is the largest industry in the world in terms of employment in almost every country of the world† The study further points out that â€Å"Travel and tourism employment investment output and value added exceed those of such major industries as steel automobiles textiles and electronic in Virtually every country† The estimates about tourist says that the numbers of tourist leaving their homes is 694 millions in 2001 and this number likely to swell to 1600 millions by 2020 and the receipts from it are estimated to Cross $ 2000 billion. One of the leading futurologists in the world Hermann Khan Predicting a golden era for tourism says â€Å"In sum I see a very bright future ahead for tourism and travel industry. There are clouds on the horizon to be sure but †¦.. it will become a larger giant than it already is in the next 50years. Today the benefits of tourism are not to be judged in terms of economic enefits alone Tourism has wider implications encompassing not only economic benefits but also social and cultural benefits as well. From the social and cultural point of view there is enough evidence to support the fact that tourism and travel unquestionably produces an interaction between the cultural customs of the visitors and those of the host population. Cultural tourism is a fertile g round for exercising creative talents, festering special kinds of relations between the visitors and the host population between the tourists and the host environment. The economic benefits to a country by way which of earning foreign exchange on the other hand are however the prime motive for various nation to promote tourism Those responsible for managing the affairs of nations have almost universally recognized the economic advantages of tourism . Tourism is an important sources for maximizing scare foreign exchange earning for not only the developing countries but of many developed countries of the world as well. In short the tourism phenomenon has attracted almost the entire world. Those responsible for managing the affairs of nations have almost universally recognized the economic advantages of tourism . Besides economic benefits to a country by way of earning foreign exchange and employment generations. Tourism also makes a tremendous contribution to the improvement of social and cultural trends of the country. Tourism emerged as the largest global industry of the 20th century. In the new millennium global economy will be governed by technology, telecommunication and tourism. Tourism has potentials to create the maximum numbers of jobs. According to an assessment, in India alone 100 million additional jobs will be created by the tourism industry in the next 25 years. It helps to earn valuable foreign exchange also. We should always remembered that development does not mean increase in GDP and GNP alone. It must add to prosperity and happiness. An important feature of the tourism industry is its contribution to the National integration and creation of harmonious social and cultural environment. It also encourages respect for preservation of Monuments and Heritage properties. It should help the promotion of arts, crafts, culture and bring a prosperity and sustainable development. Thus contribute to the creations of prosperous, healthy and peaceful world. By 2020, tourism is poised to be the single most important influence on global trade and commerce. Tourism is an economic activity and every activity depends on demand. Tourism also creates demand from its activities and we cannot ignore its importance in economical growth. Tourism is related with many industries also. Tourism plays an important role in enhancing jobs opportunity. According to Jag Mohan, ex- tourism ministers of India ‘On 10 lakh investment only 12 persons can be employed in any industry, but tourism industry can employ 47 persons on the same investment. † It is also believed that in INDIA only tourism is providing direct job opportunity to 93 lakh persons. The activities involved in travel and tourism industries are accommodation, transportation, restaurant entertainment and other services related with travel. The effect of improvement in travel and tourism is on travel and tour economy and hence whole economy. One more important fact that more employment opportunity can be speedily generated on lower costs. These opportunities are at small industries and local community level. These years there is tremendous like in tourism of all over the world. Even tourism has got the status of largest export industry of the world. There are only 16,800 foreign tourists in INDIA in 1951, which has increased to 1. 7 million in 1990 and further increased to 2. 75 million in 2003. The growth rate of tourism between 1990 to 2000 was 4. 46 percent annually. The growth rate achieved in year 2000 was much more than that of previous year. But if compare it with respect to tourist arrival, than share of India in world is constant at 0. 38 percent from 1995. In south Asia India has share of 42 percent of foreign tourist’s arrival in year 2000. It means that tourism growth rate of INDIA is 4. 7 percent as compare to 3. 2 percent average growth rate of the world in the time span of 1995-2000. But the Indian tourism growth rate of 5. 3 percent in 2000 was very little with compare to our neighboring countries like China (15%) , Hong Kong (10. 7%), Malaysia (27%), Thailand (12. 5%) , Makau (25%), Iran (28. %) . NATURE OF TOURISM : The term ‘tourism is used to describe the temporary short –term movement of people to destinations out side the places where they normally live and work. The word ‘TOUR’ has its origin from the Latin term ‘TORNUS’ which means lathe or wheel. The full turn of the wheel or lathe forms a circle or a circuit lust like this tour involves the process of a jou rney in which one returns to the starting point. The word ‘tour’ it is noted was first used to refer a journey in which one travels and visits a number of places in a circuit. A tourists leaves home to get away from routine grind but the end of all is that he is only eager to go back to his sweet home’ (Robinson, 1976) â€Å"Tourism is travel and visiting places for pleasure often involving sightseeing and staying in overnight accommodation. Regarded as an industry, tourism can increase wealth and jobs opportunities in an area although the work is often seasonal and low paid among the negative effects of tourism are traffic and people congestion as well as damages to the environment† (Hutchinson, 2002) Journey effected for pleasure and holiday, health business and trade, pilgrimage and social purposes, studies, training and research, foreign affairs and other similar purposes are covered under tourism. Tourism provides business for travel agents, transporters, hotels, retailed dealers and many others. It is a direct product of technological and scientific progress associated with industrialization ,urbanization and population explosion (Sarngadharan, M 1995) Travel and tourism has come to occupy a Prime position in the global economy. It generates foreign exchange to a considerable extent, boosts the economy and promotes peace and understanding between different countries. Tourism is an industry which has a social phenomenon with economic consequences. It gave a number of social and economic benefits. Leaving about the cultural diversities and lifestyles of different people helped in promoting international brotherhood as the millions who travel all over the world really build up on ethos of integration and relations. It is conglomeration of various industries and related activities forming a single entity and generates employment in a big way. There is no doubt that over the past two decades tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in the world. For the collection of statistics it is usually necessary to determine a boundary which must be crossed by travellers if they are to be enumerated as tourists. This is frequently though not necessarily an international boundary Motivation to travel is many and varied and complicate the enumeration problems. Business travelers are usually included, while students abroad are excluded from most international tourist statistics. International tourism is dominated by the western world which constitutes both the major source of tourists and the most frequented destination areas (Williams and Zelinsky, 1970) . This feature of tourist flow is largely explained by the relatively high incomes of the western world which permit the luxury of the long distance movement and the availability of efficient transportation and superior accommodations which facilitates travel in comfort. Several developing countries possess the attraction of warm climates, interesting landscapes and cultural and low living expenses. Reduction in the costs of long distance travel has put them within reach of the more prosperous traveler in the western world. The large sums of money involved in international tourism have attracted the attention of many developing countries eager to gain a larger share in the expanding tourist trade. Tourism is seen as a source of income, foreign exchange, jobs and amenities for the resident population (United Nations Conference on Trade & Development, 1973) It may help to diversify economies, provide a stimulus for the development of other industries and contribute to the dispersal of economic activities. However it would be wrong to assume that tourism is a panacea for the economic ills of the developing world. In many cases tourism has been a mixed blessing and economic gains have only been achieved at social and environmental costs. Even the economic benefits have been over estimated. But this is particularly the where development has been based upon foreign capital imported labour and materials, generous tax incentives and expatriated profits. Tourism and recreation must be planned as carefully as any other industry should be minimized if maximum benefits are to accrue to the reception area. In India the travel and tourism industry has really come of age . India being one of the most sought after destination in the world the potential of the industry as a foreign exchange earner is well known. Being an employment –Oriented and labour – intensive industry and set to become number one in the world in these aspects. It provides high growth prospects for specialists. The industry is and has always been a good employer and pay packets are promising. Tourism is accorded the status of industry because investment is required for the infrastructure, it employs labour and profit is recorded. The significant feature of the tourism industry is that it employs a large number of women – educated, uneducated, skilled or unskilled, generate employment opportunities particularly to remote and backward areas and also contribute to national integration. Women actually outnumber men in hotels, airline services, travel agencies, handicraft and cultural activities. The tourism industry is a limitless industry with immense growth potential the world over. Tourism has a tremendous positive impact on the economic and social aspects of the host country. To reap the economic and social benefits of tourism countries are vying with each other to woo more international and domestic tourists. India is no exception, though to its achievements are not astonishing. It is very necessary to have a clear concept and more precise definition of tourism for more insight about the tourism. Tourism is a painless procedure for transfer of real resources from industrially capital surplus developed countries to low income developing countries. It is very important source not only maximizing scare foreign exchange earning not only developing countries but many development countries.